Essay Draft 1C

Overcrowding as a cause of transportation headache

In "Linking Population, Poverty and Development"(n.d), it is recorded that in 2010, some 214 million people lived outside their country of origin. With the rising numbers in migration, there is high tendency for overcrowding to occur, particularly in urbanized areas. Some countries, including Singapore, exemplifies the overcrowding issue. Many citizens have been rallying to voice their views on the overcrowding issue and part of the reason is that it has affected the transportation adversely. As mentioned by Reuters (2013), some Singapore citizens are displeased with the rising number of foreigners which causes transportation problem. This has resulted in many people protesting to seek improvement.

Despite the scarcity in land space, Singapore has 7680 people per square kilometer and ranked 3rd as the most densely populated country according to statistics shown in "Population Density"(n.d). As such, Singapore faces problems such as housing and transportation. Commuters travelling in the morning will experience the much hated queue to get on a train or having to stand on a bumpy bus ride for an hour or so. The occurrence of overcrowding was also emphasized by one of Singapore's largest opposition party, Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), in their proposal "Building A People" (n.d) on the negative impacts that overpopulation in Singapore have caused and highlighted that transportation is one the key issue that needs to be addressed.

On a positive note, Singapore government has been taking an active approach to address the issue by various means, implementing policies to enhance the transportation. Plans and projects are also constantly ongoing to ensure that the transportation system is able to handle the strain by the growing population. A policy to limit the employment of foreigners to locals ratio has been implemented as described in "Calculation of Foreign Worker Quotas" (2013), the total foreign employees that can be employed is based on the Dependency Ratio Ceiling (DRC) of the various sector. Employers can utilise the algorithm to find the maximum number of foreign employees that he/she can employ. Levies are also applied on the employment of foreign workers to regulate the number of foreign workers in Singapore, as mentioned in "Levies & quotas for hiring foreign workers" (2013). Such implementations sum up part of the government's effort in minimizing the imbalance of foreign and local employees.

With the rise in numbers, Singapore's daily ridership rises as well. To cope with the rise in ridership, the Singapore government expanded train service lines and increased the number of trains. In "Circle Line" (n.d), circle line is built to shorten trips between east, west and north. Circle line helps to lift off some of the strain on heavily dependent red and green lines. In addition, it is projected that Singapore will have two new lines by 2030 as reported by CNA/ac/fa (2013). Such constant upgrading of train service lines will ensure a more pleasant train journey.

Another initiative that has been introduced since June 2013, stated in "Travel Smart" (2013), by encouraging commuters to travel early and avoid peak period in the morning, it gives commuters incentive by making the travel fare free if commuters are to exit from the 16 specific city areas before 7.45am.

Despite efforts in improving the situation, many are still dissatisfied. Improvements are visible but commuters still face huge crowds everyday during peak periods and may worsen with Cheam (2013) reporting that Singapore's population is expected to grow further. The population is projected to increase to 6.9 million by 2030, which may mean that the strain on transportation will be adversely affected and with that, Singapore ought to seek for more solutions to address the transportation issue before more dissatisfaction from the public.

Reference list:

1. Calculation of Foreign Worker Quotas (9 October 2013) retrieved on 10 October 2013, from http://www.mom.gov.sg/foreign-manpower/foreign-worker-levies/Pages/calculation-of-foreign-worker-quotas.aspx
2. Cheam, J. (29 Jan 2013). Singapore's population could hit 6.9m by 2030, with Singaporean core, retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20130129-398617.html
3. Circle Line (n.d) retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/projects/circle-line.html
4. CNA/ac/fa (17 January 2013) S'pore to have Two New MRT Lines by 2030, retrieved on 10 October 2013 from http://news.xin.msn.com/en/singapore/s%E2%80%99pore-to-have-two-new-mrt-lines-by-2030
5.  Indexmundi.com (1 January 2012) retrieved on  October 2013 from http://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?v=21000
6. Levies & Quotas For Hiring Foreign Workers (9 October 2013), retrieved on 10 October 2013 from http://www.mom.gov.sg/foreign-manpower/foreign-worker-levies/Pages/levies-quotas-for-hiring-foreign-workers.aspx
7. Linking Population, Poverty and Development (n.d) retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.unfpa.org/pds/migration.html
8. MRT and LRT trains (n.d) on 9 October 2013 from http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/mrt-and-lrt-trains.html
9.Reuters, T. (7 Feb 2013). Singapore Plans Rare Portest as Population Debate Rages, retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.newsmaxworld.com/Asia/singapore-protest-population-debate/2013/02/06/id/489104
10. Singapore Democratic Party (n.d). Building A People, retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://yoursdp.org/_ld/0/8_Building_a_Peop.pdf
11. Travel Smart (6 Aug 2013), retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/mrt-and-lrt-trains/travel-smart.html

Essay Draft 1b

Since globalization began, everywhere is highly accessible through means like ships, planes and cars. Migration became less of  an unusual practice, many moved for better living conditions while others move for better job opportunities, moving away from rural areas to urbanized regions or to earn more for their families back in their hometown. In the article "Linking Population, Poverty and Development"(n.d), it is recorded that in 2010, some 214 million people lived outside their country of origin. With the rising numbers in migration, there is high tendency for overcrowding to occur, especially in urbanized areas. Some countries includes Singapore,which exemplify the overcrowding issue. Many citizens have been rallying to voice their views on the overcrowding issue and part of the reason was that it affected the transportation heavily. As mentioned by Reuters (2013), some citizens were displeased with the rising number of foreigners which caused transportation problem and resulted in rallying a protest to seek improvement.

Despite the scarcity in land space, Singapore has 7301 population/km^2 and ranked 1st as the most densely populated country according to statistics shown in "Population Density"(n.d). As such, Singapore faces problem such as housing and transport. Commuters travelling in the morning will experience the much hated queue to get on the train or having to stand on a bumpy bus ride for an hour or so. It is a critical issue that the government has been trying to address. Also, one of Singapore's largest opposition party, Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), emphasized in "Building A People" (n.d) on the negative impacts that overpopulation in Singapore have caused and highlighted that transportation is one the key issue that needs to be addressed.

It would be considered absurd and will affect Singapore's international image and portray hostility towards foreigners to chase foreigners away from Singapore to control the population. Although it is critical for the government to control the population to prevent the aggravation of overcrowding problem, the Singapore government is putting in place policies to limit the employment of foreigners to locals ratio. As described in "Calculation of Foreign Worker Quotas" (2013), the total foreign employees that can be employed is based on the Dependency Ratio Ceiling (DRC) of the various sector. Employers can algorithm to find the maximum number of foreign employees that he/she can employ. Levies are also applied on the employment of foreign workers to regulate the number of foreign workers in Singapore, as mentioned in "Levies & quotas for hiring foreign workers" (2013). Such implementation sums up the efforts that the government are putting to minimize the imbalance of foreign and local employees.

The Singapore government fortunately, took notice of the situation and has been trying to salvage the situation by several implementations. Such as the expansion of train service lines, more and more train and bus routes are provided. In "Circle Line"(n.d), circle is built to shorten trips between east, west and north. Another initiative  that have been introduced since June 2013, stated in "Travel smart" (2013), by encouraging commuters to travel early and avoid peak period in the morning, it gives commuters incentive by making the travel free if commuters were to exit from the 16 specific city areas before 7.45am.

Despite efforts in improving the situation, many are still dissatisfied. Improvements are visible but commuters still face huge crowds everyday during peak periods and may worsen with Cheam (2013) reporting that Singapore's population is expected to grow further. The population is projected to increase to 6.9million by 2030, which may mean that the strain on transportation will be adversely affected and with that, Singapore ought to seek for more solutions to address transportation issue caused by overcrowding before more Singaporeans are displease.

Reference list:

1. Calculation of Foreign Worker Quotas (9 October 2013) retrieved on 10 October 2013, from http://www.mom.gov.sg/foreign-manpower/foreign-worker-levies/Pages/calculation-of-foreign-worker-quotas.aspx
2. Circle Line (n.d) retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/projects/circle-line.html
3. Cheam, J. (29 Jan 2013). Singapore's population could hit 6.9m by 2030, with Singaporean core, retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20130129-398617.html
4. Levies & Quotas For Hiring Foreign Workers (9 October 2013), retrieved on 10 October 2013 from http://www.mom.gov.sg/foreign-manpower/foreign-worker-levies/Pages/levies-quotas-for-hiring-foreign-workers.aspx
5. Linking Population, Poverty and Development (n.d) retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.unfpa.org/pds/migration.html
6. MRT and LRT trains (n.d) on 9 October 2013 from http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/mrt-and-lrt-trains.html
7. Population Density (n.d) retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density
8. Singapore Democratic Party (n.d). Building A People, retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://yoursdp.org/_ld/0/8_Building_a_Peop.pdf
9. Reuters, T. (7 Feb 2013). Singapore Plans Rare Portest as Population Debate RagesI, retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.newsmaxworld.com/Asia/singapore-protest-population-debate/2013/02/06/id/489104
10. Travel Smart (6 Aug 2013), retrieved on 9 October 2013 from http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/mrt-and-lrt-trains/travel-smart.html

Essay Draft 1a

Description of situation:
Since globalization began, everywhere is highly accessible through means like ships, planes and cars. Migration became less of  an unusual practice, many moved for better living conditions while others move for better job opportunities, moving away from rural areas to urbanized regions or to earn more for their families back in their hometown. According to UNFPA (United Nation Populations Fund), it is recorded that in 2010, some 214 million people lived outside their country of origin. With the rising numbers in migration, there is high tendency for overcrowding to occur, especially in urbanized areas. Some countries like Singapore, exemplify the overcrowding issue.

Identification of problem:
Despite the scarcity in land space, Singapore has 7301 population/km^2, ranked 1st as the most densely populated country among countries with population according to statistics shown in Wikipedia. As such, Singapore faces problem such as housing and transport. Commuters travelling in the morning will experience the much hated queue to get on the train or having to stand on a bumpy bus ride for an hour or so. It is a critical issue that the government has been trying to address.

Description of solution:
It would be considered absurd and will affect Singapore's international image and portray hostility towards foreigners to chase foreigners away from Singapore to control the population. Although it is critical for the government to control the population to prevent the aggravation of overcrowding problem, the Singapore government is putting in place policies to limit the employment of foreigners to locals ratio.

The Singapore government fortunately, took notice of the situation and has been trying to salvage the situation by several implementations. Such as the expansion of train service lines, more and more train and bus routes are provided. The introduction of "circle line", a rail line that differs from the other typical lines like the North-South line, East-West line, "circle line" is built to make trips between east, west and north become shorter. Another initiative that the government had introduced since June 2013, by encouraging commuters to travel early and avoid peak period in the morning, it gives commuters incentive by making the travel free if commuters were to exit from the 16 specific city areas before 7.45am.

Evaluation:
However, the improvements and new initiative should never stop. With current population growth, Singapore's population is expected to grow further. Jessica Cheam (2013, Singapore's population could hit 6.9m by 2030, with Singaporean core) stated that the population is projected to increase to 6.9million by 2030, which may mean that the strain on transportation will be adversely affected.

Reference list:

UNFPA http://www.unfpa.org/pds/migration.html

Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density

LTA http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/mrt-and-lrt-trains.html

LTA on circl-line http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/projects/circle-line.html
Jessica Cheam (2013), http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20130129-398617.html

Essay Topic

Globalization can be defined as the increasing cross-border interaction and integration of various aspects of human activity. Based on this view of globalization, identify one problematic area of the phenomenon and discuss its influence on contemporary society. What actual or possible means are there to ameliorate the issue you have highlighted?

A. Description of situation:

Advancement in technology and medicine due to globalization allowed people to have more children and higher chance of survival for the offspring. This leads to high birth rates and higher life expectancy. Technology today is so successful that it is only a few clicks away from taking a plane and move to another country. With that accessibility, people move into cities to work and leave behind rural areas. With that, overpopulation is likely to happen and of which, Singapore is one of the countries that exemplifies the overpopulation issue.

B. Identification of problem

Overpopulation have caused housing, transportation, cultural-lost and many other other issues. Increasing the needs for healthcare and job opportunity. It has hence increased the competitiveness for jobs. Singapore can be used to exemplify the impact of overpopulation. The reason why people moved to other countries may also be due to the under-developed countries that they were from. 

C. Description of solution

Policy to control birth rate

Policy to limit foreign-to-local employment

More stringent policy to limit migration

Increase focus and investment in under-developed countries. 

D. Evaluation of Solution:

These policies should be able help to limit the number of people migrating and overpopulating a country.